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⚠️ 本文最后更新于2021年09月11日，已经过了979天没有更新，若内容或图片失效，请留言反馈

docker基本命令

作者：酒笙

{music id="1486593195" color="#cf4abf" autoplay="autoplay"/}

帮助命令

♾️ shell 代码:

docker version    #版本信息
docker info         #系统信息
docker 命令 --help    #帮助命令

帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/

镜像命令

docker images 查看本机所有镜像

♾️ shell 代码:

[root@jiusheng]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   4 months ago   13.3kB

#REPOSITORY            镜像仓库源
#TAG                          镜像标签
#IMAGE ID                 镜像id
# CREATED                 镜像创建的时间
#SIZE                          镜像大小


#可选项

  -a , --all                   #列出所有镜像
  -q , --quiet              #显示镜像id

docker search 搜索镜像

♾️ shell 代码:

# 官网搜索： https://hub.docker.com/
docker search 搜索名
#搜索MySQL镜像
docker search mysql

[root@jiusheng]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                                           STARS     OFFICIAL    AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…       11147        [ OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…     4228        [OK]       

#条件搜索
 --filter=STARS=5000        #搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于5000的
 
 [root@jisuheng]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                                        STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…     11147     [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

♾️ shell 代码:

#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]    下载指定版本

docker pull 镜像名    #默认下载最新版本

[root@jiusheng]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest     #不填写指定版本，默认下载最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
b4d181a07f80: Pull complete                #分层下载，也就是 docker iamge核心，联合文件系统
b4d181a07f80: Pull complete               
a462b60610f5: Pull complete 
578fafb77ab8: Pull complete 
524046006037: Pull complete 
d0cbe54c8855: Pull complete 
aa18e05cc46d: Pull complete 
fd6f649b1d0a: Pull complete 
2a97d48c2fdc: Pull complete 
30f0c7db48fc: Pull complete 
f5dda8df049e: Pull complete 
671b83fd7448: Pull complete 
5d9cc55fa997: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:18d8d109aa64673c78aebfb845b929cfdac97a553332f4310f4de8d67ceb03d2
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#真实地址等价于 docker pull mysql   =   docker pull  docker.io/library/mysql:latest




#下载指定版本
docker pull mysql:5.7
#具体有哪些版本可以去官网查看，不要乱写

[root@jiusheng]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
b4d181a07f80: Already exists      #这就是分层下载的好处，只下载不一样的。
a462b60610f5: Already exists 
578fafb77ab8: Already exists 
524046006037: Already exists 
d0cbe54c8855: Already exists 
aa18e05cc46d: Already exists 
fd6f649b1d0a: Already exists 
8a2b858b000b: Pull complete 
322182b17422: Pull complete 
070e28050a88: Pull complete 
613bdfd8796e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:956e11ac581cad9ac8747a9a1d61b8ffcfa6845e0f23bdbab6ba20a2ad792cbf   #这是一个签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7        #版本
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

♾️ shell 代码:

docker rmi -f 镜像id     #删除指定镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id,镜像id    #删除多个指定镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)      #使用递归删除所有镜像

容器命令

有了镜像之后，才可以创建容器，容器依赖于镜像。

我们这里下载一个centos的镜像

♾️ shell 代码:

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

♾️ shell 代码:

docker run [可选参数] images

#参数说明
 
--name="Name"   #容器名字，用于区分容器
-d                  #后台方式运行
-it                    #使用交互式运行，并进入容器查看内容
-p                          #指定容器端口
    -p ip : 主机端口 : 容器端口
    -p 主机端口 ：容器端口 常用
    -p 容器端口
    
-P                        随机容器端口

测试，启动并进入容器

♾️ shell 代码:

[root@jiusheng]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@2d13e5147554 /]# ls    #查看容器内的centos
bin  etc   lib      lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@2d13e5147554 /]#

退出容器

♾️ shell 代码:

exit        #停止容器并退出
Ctrl + p + q  #容器不停止退出

列出所有运行的容器

♾️ shell 代码:

#docker ps （可选参数）
docekr ps      #列出正在运行的容器
docker ps -a #列出当前正在运行的容器和历史运行的容器
docker ps -n=？  #显示最近创建的容器，？是数字，表示显示几个
docker -p       #显示容器编号
#示例
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
2d13e5147554   centos    "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 4 minutes ago             heuristic_tu
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker ps -n=4
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
2d13e5147554   centos         "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 4 minutes ago             heuristic_tu
ff7056f81cfe   d1165f221234   "/hello"      25 hours ago    Exited (0) 25 hours ago              nervous_kalam

删除容器

和前面删除镜像的方式一样，只是镜像是rmi而容器是rm，殊途同归

♾️ shell 代码:

docker rm 容器id                               #删除指定容器，同时如果容器在运行，就不能删除
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)          #使用递归删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm    #删除所有容器，也可写作docker ps -aq|xargs docker rm

启动和停止容器

♾️ shell 代码:

docker start 容器id              #启动容器
docker restart 容器id           #重启容器
docker stop 容器id              #停止当前运行容器
docker kill 容器id                #强制停止当前容器

其他常用命令

后台启动容器

♾️ shell 代码:

#docker run -d 镜像名
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker run -d centos
3c7893d0514ae66e0d31bc9efb725b98504467599376e494dcea47d629a13dbf
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# 
#这里我们通过docker ps 发现容器停止了，那么是怎么一会事，我们说一说。

#docekr 容器在使用后台运行的时候，如果说没有一个前台进程，那么就会自动停止，也就是说，如果要使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程！

查看日志

♾️ shell 代码:

docker logs -f -t --tail  ？容器id   #？表示数字，即你要显示多少条日志，同时-f -t可以写在一起即-tf

docker logs -f t 容器id   #显示全部日志

显示容器进程信息

♾️ shell 代码:

docker top 容器id
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker top 1ff8b6186c5f
UID                 PID                    PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                22368               22349               0                   11:08               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看镜像元数据

♾️ shell 代码:

docker inspect top 容器id
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker ps
 CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
1ff8b6186c5f   centos    "/bin/bash"   10 seconds ago   Up 9 seconds             inspiring_thompson
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker inspect 1ff8b6186c5f
[
    {
        "Id": "1ff8b6186c5f5d19b715a5c320b7ecb330f9e570e9bba2ff82bce2ceb7344262",
        "Created": "2021-07-21T03:08:39.027552726Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 22368,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-07-21T03:08:39.311797803Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1ff8b6186c5f5d19b715a5c320b7ecb330f9e570e9bba2ff82bce2ceb7344262/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1ff8b6186c5f5d19b715a5c320b7ecb330f9e570e9bba2ff82bce2ceb7344262/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1ff8b6186c5f5d19b715a5c320b7ecb330f9e570e9bba2ff82bce2ceb7344262/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/1ff8b6186c5f5d19b715a5c320b7ecb330f9e570e9bba2ff82bce2ceb7344262/1ff8b6186c5f5d19b715a5c320b7ecb330f9e570e9bba2ff82bce2ceb7344262-json.log",
        "Name": "/inspiring_thompson",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f374005ba37d8dd511a5663780d1a6d9f73721853d0f865f93fa06c294099b6e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/95fb52765b6ea97468e0c38889f47d9e3c95d2e69d556c18798f00ebb3e2cfb1/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f374005ba37d8dd511a5663780d1a6d9f73721853d0f865f93fa06c294099b6e/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f374005ba37d8dd511a5663780d1a6d9f73721853d0f865f93fa06c294099b6e/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f374005ba37d8dd511a5663780d1a6d9f73721853d0f865f93fa06c294099b6e/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "1ff8b6186c5f",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "236a57971cd0b33ec1fd5b3c8cd725fabd85aef3a796de461a699c42b6e289f6",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/236a57971cd0",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "03ed818c13a101bd6254b5e5c18ede6f9c776efb2e65ac382f711b8f8b265b2b",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "3be7a57080be0d228e4f459c30ed8bc85ab61b84ac10ddbeaa546ad97f294539",
                    "EndpointID": "03ed818c13a101bd6254b5e5c18ede6f9c776efb2e65ac382f711b8f8b265b2b",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

我们通常都是通过后台方式运行，需要进入容器修改配置信息

♾️ shell 代码:

#方式一
docker exec -it 容器id BashShell

[root@jiusheng]# docker exec -it  1ff8b6186c5f /bin/bash
[root@1ff8b6186c5f /]# ls
bin  etc   lib      lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

#方式二
docker attach 容器id

[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker attach 1ff8b6186c5f
[root@1ff8b6186c5f /]# 


#区别

docker exec  进入容器后开启新的终端
docker attach  进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新终端

从容器拷贝数据到本机

docker cp 容器id：容器内路径目的路径

♾️ shell 代码:

#进入容器内部
[root@1ff8b6186c5f /]# cd /home
[root@1ff8b6186c5f home]# ls
#在容器内部新建一个文件
[root@1ff8b6186c5f home]# touch jiusheng.np
[root@1ff8b6186c5f home]# exit
exit
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
1ff8b6186c5f   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 hours ago   Exited (0) 16 seconds ago             inspiring_thompson
3c7893d0514a   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 hours ago   Exited (0) 3 hours ago                clever_lalande
#把文件拷贝到本机
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# docker cp 1ff8b6186c5f:/home/jiusheng.np /home
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ ~]# cd /home
[root@iZj6c5ctiawsbu90vbskdwZ home]# ls
admin  jiusheng.np

#我们可以卡看到哈，在容器里面建立的jiusheng.np，我们已经复制到了本机的home目录里面。

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docker—基本命令

docker基本命令

帮助命令

镜像命令

容器命令

其他常用命令